On 7 December 1941 Japanese fighter planes bombed the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor. President Roosevelt issued Executive Orders establishing military zones along the West Coast and the War Relocation Authority. General John Dewitt, Commander of the Western Defense ordered the evacuation and internment of over 110,000 Japanese-Americans in ten permanent camps. No Japanese-American was ever convicted of sabotage or espionage against the United States. Still, men, women and children were forced from their homes and kept in harsh conditions for the remainder of the war. Mitsuye Endo’s case against the government was the fourth such case to be brought before the Supreme Court, and the first to be decided in favor of the plaintiff.